旅游建议

2024 全国新课标 II

Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help?
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. So, should we stop traveling? Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
● Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinationare that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. Travel for you and no one else.
● Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. You can still find relatively undiscovered places. Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?
● Visit during off-peak times. Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (荣幸). Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.

中文翻译：

旅游过度是真的：你能做些什么来帮忙？

旅游促进相互理解，开阔我们的视野，让我们成为更好的人，还能推动当地经济和社区的发展。然而，旅游业的快速增长导致某些地区和旅游目的地出现了旅游过度的问题。那么，我们应该停止旅游吗？当然不。在当今世界，失去旅游所能带来的一切是无法接受的。以下是一些建议，帮助你做出明智的决策，减轻你所游览之地的压力，同时提升你的旅游体验。

• 慎重选择：热门旅游目的地之所以热门是有原因的——它们很特别。网上有那么多关于相同地点的帖子，人们很容易觉得自己错过了什么。只有当那里的风景、文化或美食深深吸引你时，才选择前往。旅游是为了你自己，而不是为了别人。
• 发挥创意：缓解热门旅游目的地压力的最佳方法是去其他地方。虽然旅游过度被描述为一个影响全球的问题，但实际上它只集中在少数极其热门的景点。这意味着你有大量游客较少的地方可供选择。你仍然可以找到相对未被发掘的地方。为什么不尝试选择一个周边的替代地点，或者去探索一下热门目的地那些不太知名的景点呢？
• 选择淡季出行：避开重大节假日或旅游高峰期，这样既能减少对当地的影响，又能最大化你的旅游体验。你遇到的游客会更少，还能省钱，体验到热门景点不一样的一面，同时在传统旅游淡季推动当地经济发展。

到访别人生活的地方是一种荣幸。考虑回馈你所到访的社区。尽你所能去保护让一个旅游目的地最初变得特别的东西。你可能会惊讶地发现，你与当地居民的关系会变得多么亲近。

人文性格

2024 北京

If you want to develop maximum credibility（可信性），is it better to be a hedgehog （刺猬）or a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin，the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things.

Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position. And they are usually very credible in doing so.

According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to growth. They focus on one thing and do it really well, figure out what they are good at. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence. The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies.

But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing. Philip Tate has studied the track record of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions.

The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources， and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. When something is contradictory to their view， they don’t treat it as exceptional. They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don’t know.

So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. In other words, there are clear advantages for each. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog.

中文翻译：

刺猬还是狐狸？——如何建立最大可信度

如果你想建立最大的可信度，是做一只刺猬更好，还是做一只狐狸更好？以赛亚·伯林（Isaiah Berlin）曾提出：刺猬精通一事，狐狸博采众长。

这两种风格是否有明显的优劣之分？刺猬型思考者倾向于给出肯定答案。他们总是旗帜鲜明地站定一方，并全力捍卫自己的立场——而且往往极具说服力。

吉姆·柯林斯（Jim Collins）在《从优秀到卓越》中提出的"刺猬理念"（Hedgehog Concept），正是推动企业实现增长的核心要素之一。这类企业专注于一件事，并将其做到极致；它们清楚自己的核心能力所在。因此，刺猬型拥有清晰和自信的双重优势。对企业而言，刺猬理念堪称完美。

然而，专注于一件大事也有其隐患。菲利普·泰特（Philip Tetlock）曾研究过那些在周日电台访谈节目中预测时事的专家。他发现，刺猬型专家不仅比狐狸型专家更容易预测失误，而且在事实与预测相悖时，他们更不愿意承认或面对自己的错误。

狐狸型专家的优势在于：他们更愿意从更广泛的信息源中搜集新资讯，对不确定性和新信息持开放态度。当遇到与自身观点矛盾的事实时，他们不会将其视为例外而排除，而是尝试将其纳入自己的认知框架。此外，他们对"已知"与"未知"有着更清醒的判断。

那么，究竟哪种更好？这个问题本身就可以用"狐狸般的刺猬"方式来回答。在刺猬与狐狸之间做选择，其实是一个伪命题。换言之，两者各有明显优势。最高效的人生策略，是努力成为那种罕见的混合体——狐狸般的刺猬（foxy hedgehog）。

佛山一模 C篇

Imagine scrolling (刷屏) through social media late at night and suddenly seeing photos of your friends having fun without you. You may begin to wonder why you were not invited or what you did wrong. Soon, feelings of sadness or disappointment appear. This experience is commonly known as FOMO, or the fear of missing out. It is the anxiety and unease about how others might be having more rewarding experiences than you are.

FOMO can be a passing thought that enters your mind after seeing something you wish you were a part of – a video of a concert, for example, or a picture of a graduation party. Or it can appear as an urge to check your phone for messages and updates. You might sit alone, feeling envious about how much fun others are having as you scroll through your feed, only to later realize how much time has passed you by.

This fear can affect your behavior by creating a cycle of unhealthy habits that worsen your emotional well-being. Maybe you end up agreeing to every invitation that comes your way out of fear that you’ll miss out on some magical moments, thus overcommitting yourself to events and feeling exhausted. If you’re constantly checking your phone, you’ll have a harder time focusing on tasks in front of you and may end up making more mistakes. Also, being glued to your phone late at night can make it harder to fall asleep and harm your physical and mental well-being.

If it feels like FOMO and social media have taken over your life, know that there are ways to regain control. It starts with developing a better understanding of yourself, including your feelings, motives, and values. Then, you can cut down on worry by developing mindfulness, managing anxiety, and limiting your social media usage. Besides, building self-respect and establishing genuine relationships will allow you to better appreciate your own experiences.

While you experience FOMO, the things you’re “missing out on” might be right in front of you. You can pull yourself back to the present moment, appreciate what’s happening in your life, and build a better sense of well-being.

中文翻译：

深夜刷着社交媒体，突然看到朋友们在玩乐却没有你的身影。你可能开始琢磨为什么没被邀请，或者自己哪里做错了。很快，悲伤或失落的情绪就会涌上心头。这种经历通常被称为 FOMO，即"错失恐惧症"（fear of missing out）。它指的是一种焦虑和不安，担心别人可能正在经历比你更有价值的体验。

FOMO 可能只是一个在你看到某些希望自己也能参与其中的内容后闪过的念头——比如一场演唱会的视频，或者一张毕业派对的照片。它也可能表现为一种忍不住查看手机消息和更新的冲动。你可能独自坐着，一边刷着动态一边羡慕别人玩得有多开心，事后才意识到时间已经悄然流逝。

这种恐惧会影响你的行为，形成一个损害情绪健康的恶性循环。也许你因为害怕错过某些精彩时刻，最终答应了所有邀请，结果过度承诺参加活动，感到筋疲力尽。如果你不停地查看手机，就更难专注于手头的任务，可能会犯更多错误。此外，深夜还盯着手机会让你更难入睡，损害你的身心健康。

如果你觉得 FOMO 和社交媒体已经掌控了你的生活，要知道有办法重新夺回控制权。首先要更好地了解自己，包括你的感受、动机和价值观。然后，你可以通过培养正念、管理焦虑以及限制社交媒体使用来减少担忧。此外，建立自尊和培养真诚的人际关系，会让你更能欣赏自己的经历。

当你经历 FOMO 时，那些你"正在错过"的东西也许就在你眼前。你可以把自己拉回当下，欣赏生活中正在发生的一切，并建立更好的幸福感。

生活技巧

2022 全国新高考 II

Writing an essay is a difficult process, but it can be made easier with three simple techniques.

First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Let your pen follow the waves of thought. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.

The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.

The third technique is to try printing out a triple-spaced copy to allow space for revision. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise. As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. The resulting blank space invites you to revise.

中文翻译：

写作是一项艰难的工作，但借助三种简单技巧，这个过程可以变得轻松许多。

首先是自由写作法（nonstop writing）。当你刚开始构思文章时，拿起笔在纸上连续写十到十五分钟，中途不要让笔离开纸面。保持放松和自由的状态，不必在意语法或拼写错误，让笔尖跟随思维的流动。尽管这种方法并非对人人有效，但它能帮助许多人积累丰富的素材，供后续选用。

第二种技巧是快速撰写初稿，不必追求尽善尽美。太多人试图一次性写出完美初稿。然而，学会与不完美共处，能让你省去许多头疼时刻，也不会看到纸篓里塞满皱巴巴的废纸。把你的初稿想象成在丛林中开辟出的一条小径——它是探索的一部分，而非一条完工的高速公路。

第三种技巧是打印三倍行距的文稿，为修改留出充足空间。许多写作新手没有预留足够的修改余地。结果，他们始终养不成划掉大段文字、在空白处重写的好习惯。当你把稿子改得面目全非、无法继续使用时，可以把修改内容输入电脑。然后再次打印新稿，依然设置三倍行距。这些留出的空白会邀请你继续打磨完善。

未来科技

佛山一模 D篇

If time outdoors in nature were a pill you could take, the label would read “take as needed”. A dose of nature, whether it’s a short walk or a weeklong camping trip, reliably improves human well-being. But a new study found that the relationship between indoor nature and well-being is more complex.

Past research has confirmed that indoor nature, including potted plants and natural materials, reduces stress and increases feelings of restoration and belonging. But these studies either test people’s response to nature versus no nature or use subjective levels of greenery, such as small, medium, and large amounts of plants. “There’s a huge body of literature, but we can’t refer to it because no one’s using the same methods,” explained Eva Bianchi, a Stanford PhD graduate.

Bianchi’s team developed software called the Nature View Potential tool, which precisely calculates how much nature you see from a given point in a room. Using this tool along with 3D modeling, the researchers designed 11 virtual conference rooms with varying levels of nature views. They then assigned 412 participants randomly to these digital offices and measured their stress and restoration levels before and after completing challenging tasks under pressure.

A greenery dose of about 20% – meaning plants are visible about 20% of the time as one looks around – had the strongest response in restoration and sense of belonging for participants, the researchers found. However, when greenery increased to 60%, stress levels rose.

Plus, the study highlighted the significance of connection to nature. If participants reported an increased feeling of connection to nature, they harvested more well-being benefits. But without that connection, the greenery had little effect on them. “You don’t just put a bunch of nature inside the space,” said Bianchi. “You make sure that it will successfully make the occupants feel connected.”

Bianchi’s team are also looking closer at what nature means to individuals and how that might vary. The ultimate goal is to find ways for people to maintain the restorative qualities of nature even amid increasing urbanization. “How do you get the feeling of nature indoors?” she said. “That’s why it’s so important to have some kind of standard…so we can compare across studies and make progress faster.”

中文翻译：

如果身处大自然的时间是一粒药丸，其标签上会写着“按需服用”。无论是短暂的散步还是为期一周的露营旅行，一定剂量的自然都能可靠地改善人类的幸福感。但一项新研究发现，室内自然与幸福感之间的关系更为复杂。

过去的研究已证实，包括盆栽植物和天然材料在内的室内自然元素能减轻压力，并增加恢复感和归属感。但这些研究要么测试人们对“有自然”与“无自然”的反应，要么使用主观的绿化水平（如少量、中量和大量植物）。“虽然有大量的文献，但我们无法参考它们，因为没有人使用相同的方法，”斯坦福大学博士毕业生伊娃·比安奇（Eva Bianchi）解释道。

比安奇的团队开发了一款名为“自然视野潜力工具”（Nature View Potential tool）的软件，该软件能精确计算从房间内某一点能看到多少自然景观。利用该工具结合3D建模，研究人员设计了11个具有不同自然景观水平的虚拟会议室。随后，他们将412名参与者随机分配到这些数字办公室中，并在他们在压力下完成挑战性任务前后，测量他们的压力和恢复水平。

研究人员发现，大约20%的绿化剂量——意味着环顾四周时约有20%的时间能看到植物——对参与者的恢复感和归属感产生的反应最强烈。然而，当绿化增加到60%时，压力水平反而上升了。

此外，该研究强调了与自然连接的重要性。如果参与者报告说与自然的连接感增强，他们就能收获更多的幸福感益处。但如果没有这种连接，绿色植物对他们几乎没有影响。“你不能只是把一堆自然元素放在空间里，”比安奇说，“你要确保它能成功地让居住者感到 connected（相连/有联系）。”

比安奇的团队也在更仔细地研究自然对个人的意义及其变化方式。最终目标是找到在日益城市化的进程中，让人们保持自然恢复性特质的方法。“你如何在室内获得自然的感觉？”她说，“这就是为什么拥有某种标准如此重要……这样我们才能跨研究进行比较，并更快地取得进展。”